Miles Davis Persuasive Essay Example For Students

Miles Davis Persuasive Essay This book, composed by Miles Davis, is the collection of memoirs tht he composed a couple yearsbefore he kicked the bucket. In this book I discovered how he previously got keen on jazz. Italso clarifies how he got extraordinary compared to other jazz players, time. Miles wasborn in Alton, Illinois in 1926 and experienced childhood in eastern St. Louis. He learned howto play trumpet while in secondary school on the trumpet that his dad provided for himfor his thirteenth birthday celebration. He was a lowland aficionado of jazz and said that the thing thatmade up his psyche to be a performer was wheh he previously heard Billy Eckstines bandwith Dizzy Gillespie on trumpet, and Charlie parker playing the sax. He thenmoved to New York searching for Charlie Parker and to examine old style trumpet atJuilliard School of music. Aftera while parkers medicate issue started to take overhis life, and this likewise influenced Davis. Davis took some time toget over that,and by the late 50s he was an a lot greater star than he had been before due tosome of his ongoing accounts. In 1969, Davis began to record more electronicmusic, which was the beginning of the azz-Rock. Later on, when he came out with thealbums A Tribute to Jack Johnson, and On the Corner, fans were dissapointed, andthought it was a horrendous depiction of the jazz they knew. Miles at that point sort ofdissapeared from the perspective on the open eye somewhere in the range of 1975 and 1981, however even whenhe returned, he wasnt as into playing any longer as he had used to be. Heplayed again a few times before he kicked the bucket in 1991 at 65 years of age. Concerning theauthors portrayal of the book, it was all first individual, since he wrotethe book himself with the assistance of Quincy Troupe. My decision to this bookstrenghtens my opinion of performers. I dont comprehend why parcels offamous individuals and particularly performers explore different avenues regarding drugs. I would think thatif their life is going great why meddle with it. Something else this book made methink about is that Miles is as yet a generally known craftsman. Before readingthis book I hadnt realized that he passed on in 1991, I believed that him and his musicwas something that kicked the bucket some time in the past and just more established individuals tuned in to. That iswrong however. I delighted in this book and didnt acknowledge before how much work ittakes to live everlastingly ever.

The Enormous Bronze Age Shang Dynasty Capital of Yin

The Enormous Bronze Age Shang Dynasty Capital of Yin Anyang is the name of an advanced city in Henan Province of eastern China that contains the remains of Yin, the monstrous capital city of the late Shang Dynasty (1554 - 1045 BC). In 1899, many luxuriously cut tortoise shells and bull scapulas called prophet bones were found in Anyang. Full-scale unearthings started in 1928, and from that point forward, examinations by Chinese archeologists have uncovered almost 25 square kilometers (~10 square miles) of the tremendous capital city. A portion of the English-language logical writing alludes to the remains as Anyang, however its Shang Dynasty inhabitants knew it as Yin. Establishing Yin Yinxu (or the Ruins of Yin in Chinese) has been distinguished as the capital Yin depicted in Chinese records, for example, the Shi Ji, in view of the engraved prophet bones which (in addition to other things) archive the exercises of the Shang regal house. Yin was established as a little local location on the south bank of the Huan River, a tributary of the Yellow River of focal China. At the point when it was established, a prior settlement called Huanbei (now and then alluded to as Huayuanzhuang) was situated on the north side of the waterway. Huanbei was a Middle Shang settlement worked around 1350 BC, and by 1250 secured a zone of roughly 4.7 sq km (1.8 sq km), encompassed by a rectangular wall.​ A Urban City Be that as it may, in 1250 BC, Wu Ding, the 21st lord of the Shang Dynasty {ruled 1250-1192 BC], made Yin his capital. Inside 200 years, Yin had ventured into a huge urban focus, with an expected populace of somewhere close to 50,000 and 150,000 individuals. The vestiges incorporate more than 100 beat earth royal residence establishments, various private neighborhoods, workshops and creation regions, and graveyards. The urban center of Yinxu is the castle sanctuary locale at the center called Xiaotun, covering around 70 hectares (170 sections of land) and situated at a twist in the stream: it might have been isolated from the remainder of the city by a dump. More than 50 smashed earth establishments were found here during the 1930s, speaking to a few bunches of structures which had been fabricated and reconstructed during the citys use. Xiaotun had a tip top private quarter, authoritative structures, special stepped areas, and a familial sanctuary. A large portion of the 50,000 prophet bones were found in pits in Xiaotun, and there were additionally various conciliatory pits containing human skeletons, creatures, and chariots. Private Workshops Yinxu is broken into a few specific workshop regions that contain proof of jade curio creation, the bronze throwing of devices and vessels, earthenware making, and bone and turtle shell working. Different, huge bone and bronze working zones have been found, composed into a system of workshops that were heavily influenced by a various leveled heredity of families. Particular neighborhoods in the city included Xiamintun and Miaopu, where bronze throwing occurred; Beixinzhuang where bone items were prepared; and Liujiazhuang North where serving and capacity ceramics vessels were made. These zones were both private and mechanical: for instance, Liujiazhuang contained earthenware creation flotsam and jetsam and ovens, scattered with slammed earth house establishments, entombments, reservoirs, and other private highlights. A significant street drove from Liujiazhuang to the Xiaotun royal residence sanctuary area. Liujiazhuang was likely an ancestry based settlement; its family name was discovered engraved on a bronze seal and bronze vessels in a related graveyard. Demise and Ritual Violence at Yinxu A huge number of tombs and pits containing human remains have been found at Yinxu, from enormous, expand illustrious entombments, refined graves, normal graves, and bodies or body parts in conciliatory pits. Custom mass killings especially connected with sovereignty were a typical piece of Late Shang society. From the prophet bone records, during Yins 200-year occupation in excess of 13,000 people and a lot more creatures were yielded. There were two kinds of state-bolstered human penance reported in the prophet bone records found at Yinxu. Renxun or human partners alluded to relatives or hirelings murdered as retainers at the demise of a first class person. They were regularly covered with first class products in singular caskets or gathering tombs. Rensheng or human contributions were enormous gatherings of individuals, frequently disfigured and beheaded, covered in huge gatherings generally deficient with regards to grave merchandise. Rensheng and Renxun Archeological proof for human penance at Yinxu is found in pits and tombs found over the whole city. In local locations, conciliatory pits are little in scale, generally creature stays with human forfeits moderately uncommon, most with just one to three casualties for every occasion, albeit at times they had upwards of 12. Those found at the illustrious graveyard or in the royal residence sanctuary complex have included up to a few hundred human forfeits without a moment's delay. Rensheng penances were comprised of pariahs, and are accounted for in the prophet unresolved issues originate from at any rate 13 diverse foe gatherings. Over portion of the penances were said to have originated from Qiang, and the biggest gatherings of human penances covered the prophet bones constantly incorporated some Qiang individuals. The term Qiang may have been a class of adversaries found west of Yin as opposed to a specific gathering; minimal grave merchandise have been found with the entombments. Efficient osteological examination of the penances has not been finished starting at yet, however stable isotope concentrates among and between conciliatory casualties were accounted for by bioarchaeologist Christina Cheung and partners in 2017; they found that the casualties were in fact nonlocals. It is conceivable that rensheng penance casualties may have been slaves before their demises; prophet bone engravings record the oppression of the Qiang individuals and chronicling their association in gainful work. Engravings and Understanding Anyang More than 50,000 recorded prophet bones and a few dozen bronze-vessel engravings dated to the Late Shang time frame (1220-1050 BC) have been recuperated from Yinxu. These archives, along with later, optional writings, were utilized by British paleontologist Roderick Campbell to report in detail the political system at Yin. Yin was, as most Bronze Age urban areas in China, a lords city, worked to the request for the ruler as a made focal point of political and strict action. Its center was an illustrious burial ground and royal residence sanctuary territory. The lord was the heredity chief, and answerable for driving ceremonies including his antiquated progenitors and other living relations in his family. Notwithstanding announcing political occasions, for example, the quantities of conciliatory casualties and to whom they were committed, the prophet bones report the rulers individual and state worries, from a toothache to trim disappointments to divination. Engravings likewise allude to schools at Yin, maybe puts for education preparing, or maybe where students were instructed to keep up divination records. Bronze Technology The Late Shang administration was at the zenith of bronze creation innovation in China. The procedure utilized top notch shape and centers, which were pre-cast to forestall shrinkage and breaking during the procedure. The molds were made of a genuinely low level of dirt and an in like manner high level of sand, and they were terminated before use to deliver a high protection from warm stun, low warm conductivity, and a high porosity for sufficient ventilation during throwing. A few huge bronze foundry locales have been found. The biggest distinguished to date is the Xiaomintun site, covering a complete territory of more than 5 ha (12 air conditioning), up to 4 ha (10 air conditioning) of which have been uncovered. Archaic exploration in Anyang Until this point, there have been 15 periods of unearthings by Chinese specialists since 1928, including the Academia Sinica, and its replacements the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences. A joint Chinese-American undertaking led unearthings at Huanbei during the 1990s. Yinxu was recorded as an UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2006. Sources Campbell Roderick B, Li Z, He Y, and Jing Y. 2011. Utilization, trade and creation at the Great Settlement Shang: bone-working at Tiesanlu, Anyang. Relic 85(330):1279-1297.Cheung C, Jing Z, Tang J, Weston DA, and Richards MP. 2017. Diets, social jobs, and topographical inceptions of conciliatory casualties at the illustrious graveyard at Yinxu, Shang China: New proof from stable carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur isotope examination. Diary of Anthropological Archeology 48:28-45.Flad R. 2016. Urbanism as innovation in early China. Archeological Research in Asia 2016/09/29.Jin ZY, Wu YJ, Fan AC, Yue ZW, Li G, Li SH, and Yan LF. 2015. Iridescence investigation of the underlying, pre-throwing terminating temperatures of earth shape and center utilized for bronze throwing at Yinxu (13c. BC~11c. BC). Quaternary Geochronology 30:374-380.Smith AT. 2010. The proof for scribal preparing at Anyang. In: Li F, and Prager Banner D, editors. Composing and Literacy in Early China. Seattle: University of Washington Press. p 172-208. Sun W-D, Zhang L-P, Guo J, Li C-Y, Jiang Y-H, Zartman RE, and Zhang Z-F. 2016. Root of the secretive Yin-Shang bronzes in China showed by lead isotopes. Logical Reports 6:23304.Wei S, Song G, and He Y. 2015. The recognizable proof of restricting specialist utilized in late Shang Dynasty turquoise-inlayed bronze items uncovered in Anyang. Diary of Archeological Science 59:211-218.Zhang H, Merrett DC, Jing Z, Tang J, He Y, Yue H, Yue Z, and Yang DY. 2016. Osteoarchaeological Studies of Human Systemic Stress of Early Urbanization in Late Shang at Anyang, China. PLOS ONE 11(4):e0151854.Zhang H, Merrett DC, Jing Z, Tang J, He Y, Yue H, Yue Z, and Yang DY. 2017. Osteoarthritis, work division, and word related specialization of the Late Shang China - bits of knowledge from Yinxu (ca. 1250-1046 B.C

Numbers, Perfect and Imperfect

Numbers, Perfect and Imperfect A quick entry, before returning to reading applications I am perfect today. Perfect? What do you mean, perfect, you ask? Well, today is my birthday, and my age is now a perfect number. Perfect numbers are pretty cool, and have been discussed at least since the time of Euclid. They are also related to Mersenne primes: every Mersenne prime corresponds to exactly one perfect number. If youre even a little bit of a math geek (like me), its hard not to be fascinated by perfect numbers and Mersenne primes. Also, I expect that the number of applications we received this year will be published on Tuesday. To make this a little fun, well play this as a guessing game: how many freshman applications do you think MIT received this year? Many thanks to fellow admissions blogger Daniel Creasy at the Johns Hopkins University (a fantastic school, btw) for the idea. To give you some basis to work from, here are our freshman application numbers for the past five years, starting with last year and working backwards: 11,373; 10,440; 10,466; 10,549; 10,664. One guess per person. This is just for fun. No prizes will be awarded, just pride and bragging rights. Oh, and in case youre wondering this number has nothing to do with Mersenne primes or perfect numbers (no, we did not receive 33,550,336 applications). Leave your guesses in the comments, and good luck!

Treachery and Betrayal in Othello - 1408 Words

Treachery and betrayal, they belong hand in hand, like a married couple, for they both ultimately lead to misery and sorrow. In William Shakespeare’s play, Othello, acts of treachery and betrayal have great dramatic significance. They greatly contribute to the theme that appearance does not always portray reality, and reality is not what one sees but more often what one does not see. The acts of treachery and betrayal in Othello help to develop this theme through character development. Such acts include: how Iago deceives Othello by being his friend and enemy at the same time. Othello betraying his wife’s love and trust. Emilia (Iago’s wife) betraying her very own husband for justice. Finally Iago’s betrayal of Roderigo, using him and his†¦show more content†¦The more that Othello’s character changes the less reality he sees, and the more fiction he sees, which makes him betray someone he loves, because appearances are not always true. Othello and Desdemona are not the only couple that suffer acts of betrayal from within their very own relationship. Emilia and Iago are another couple that, whose characters’ change causing them to lose touch with reality. Emilia is always suspicious of Iago but she still trusts him, for example when she gives Desdemona’s handkerchief to Iago reluctantly â€Å"If [the handkerchief]be not for some purpose of import,/Givet me again: poor lady, shell run mad/ When she shall lack it† (III,iii,156-159). Emilia does not want to give the handkerchief to Iago because she thinks he might to something to hurt Desdemona and Othello with it. Therefore she asks him indirectly to give it back to Desdemona. In doing so Emilia is betraying her husbands trust by doubting his intentions. This small event is enough to change her view of her husband, and plant doubt in her mind as to the reality of his actions versus their appearance. Ultimately this small action has great conseque nces to her life. Near the end of the play, once Othello kills his wife, Emilia finds out and she confronts Othello, and she reveals that it was her husband that betrayed him. In doing so, she has betrayed all trust that she and her husband had. Making Othello see theShow MoreRelatedIn Shakespeare’s Othello, race is a concept that is only minimally explored. Characters in the play1400 Words   |  6 PagesIn Shakespeare’s Othello, race is a concept that is only minimally explored. Characters in the play assume that, since they are English, they are superior and foreign characters (like Othello the Moor) are inferior. This is not questioned much at all, and in fact it is assumed outright that Othello is indeed a lesser man because of his skin color and the ways in which characters like Iago and Roderigo treat him. While an early modern audience would accept this concept without hesitation, an audienceRead MoreOthello: Shakespeare vs. Parker Essay615 Words   |  3 P agesOthello: Shakespeare vs. Parker To create an adaptation of a literary work is not an easy task, especially if it is a classic work by man named Shakespeare. Today movies are expected to be packed with drama, action, and sex. True, Othello contains all of these, but it certainly isnt a blockbuster by todays standards. When Shakespeare wrote Othello, viewing the play was an event in itself, not an hour and a half thrill ride that todays viewer have come to expect. This was Parkers dilemmaRead MoreIago And Betrayal In â€Å"Othello†2545 Words   |  11 PagesAP 05/11/11 Iago And Betrayal In â€Å"Othello† â€Å"Othello† is one of the most successful plays in Shakespeare’s collection. One of the subjects the tragedy addresses is betrayal which is a crucial part of the play that helps the author develop events to bring it to its climax. Iago’s character symbolizes disloyalty, but what are the motives of his treachery? It seems like there is not enough reason for his actions. By creating Iago in â€Å"Othello† as perhaps a masterpiece villain comparing to all hisRead MoreOthello The Flaw. At The Core, Othello Is Essentially A1317 Words   |  6 PagesOthello the Flaw At the core, Othello is essentially a good man, but he possesses many qualities, which alone are not inherently immoral, but as a whole they are corrupting to his character. After conversing with Roderigo, Iago describes Othello in his monologue such that â€Å"The Moor is of a free and open nature / That thinks men honest that but seem to be so† (1.3.380-381). Iago divulges how he will take advantage of this. Clearly Othello’s openness is a good quality in a leader with social statusRead MoreThe Development of Othellos Character in William Shakespeares Play1169 Words   |  5 PagesPlay At the start of the play Othello is presented as a very confident character. He is a high ranking general in the Venetian army. However during the course of the play Othello is betrayed and manipulated by Iago, and the audience observes the unravelling of his tragic flaw (jealousy) which initiates the degeneration of his characterRead MoreManipulation In Othello Analysis1237 Words   |  5 PagesThe Manipulation of Ideals Iago uses an intricately complex network of lies, manipulations, and sins to control Othello not only physically, but mentally as well. Iago concentrates his efforts on corrupting Othello’s positive view of women created by his marriage with Desdemona, the purest of the pure. Over the course of Iago’s deception, he gradually proves to Othello that women are the vermin of the earth. Iago takes manipulation to another level, progressively defaming women by generally distrustingRead MoreOthello By William Shakespeare s Othello1209 Words   |  5 PagesOthello Down Shakespeare s Othello comprises of the subjects betrayal, affection and dishonesty. At the focal point of this play is the lamentable ruin of Othello because of his so-called friend Iago. In this paper I will be examining the explanations behind and against Othello being in charge of his defeat through taking a gander at critical interpretations of his character and activities. Othello was profoundly in charge to his own destruction as Iago demonstrating to him to be gullible andRead MoreThe Tragedy Of Othello By William Shakespeare1741 Words   |  7 Pagesall men in the same way? This concept is very clear when we examine the Shakespearean tragedy of Othello. This play demonstrates how Othello a very strong and confident warrior is turned into a paranoid psychopath when faced with the idea of being deceived by his love Desdemona. However, the true question is can Othello the warrior; truly love despite his dangerous nature? A.C. Bradley considers Othello one of Shakespeare’s most romantic character. One must determine if love and passion is the sameRead MoreOthello, By William Shakespeare2299 Words   |  10 Pagesbetween characters to express these themes to the general public. Betrayal, incest, jealousy, and love are all common themes in his works. Although one of Shakespeare’s more popular tragic dramas, Othello, at first glance seem s to mainly center around the characters Othello and Desdemona and their relationship, the play in reality focuses more so on the evil villain, Iago, and his insecurity which instills in him a hatred of Othello. Iago provides some dark humor to the audience, as he is self-possessedRead MoreOthellos Research Paper3340 Words   |  14 PagesAmong Aristotles terms in depicting terms in his model of human characteristics is hamartia. Hamartia is when ones flaw or weakness is his or her error or transgression. In William Shakespeares Othello, Othellos hamartia is the misconception he has of himself as being uncouth, poorly spoken, and old; and because he begins to believe that his fair wife, Desdemona, cannot love him, he starts to believe that she is guilty of infidelity. (classicnote). Maurice Charneys Shakespeare on Love

The Two Settings of Othello - 1184 Words

Effects of the Environment in Othello In The Tragedy of Othello, an epic tale of love and revenge, Shakespeare introduces major themes of jealousy and self-preservation. Shakespeare uses sharp contrast of settings to convey and amplify feelings brought on by the characters’ actions. The civilized city of Venice and the cut off island of Cyprus bring out the differences in personalities among the main characters, leading them to act as different as the two settings. Venice keeps these characters more dignified in their actions with the overwhelming feeling of the council/public watching. However, Cyprus is much more secluded, giving the characters the chance to show their true colors. Desdemona is introduced as an adventurous and†¦show more content†¦Iago informs Roderigo of Desdemona’s alleged affair and instructs him to â€Å"knock out his brains. (Shakespeare, 1080)† Being in Cyprus, Iago was changed from being powerless to the most powerful. Iago wa s able to manipulate everyone close to him by using the power Othello gave him. Out of all three characters, Othello is the one that changed the most. Othello began as a well-respected general of the Venetian forces and ends as a murderer. While in Venice, Othello is the man the council looks to for military leadership. Othello is not the most powerful man in Venice; he is forced to go where the council feels is necessary. This can be seen in the play when he is instructed to report to Cyprus for military duties. Othello is also a man of trust. He puts all his trust in ‘Honest’ Iago to keep his wife safe in times of war. Othello tells the council, â€Å"So please your grace, my ancient; A man he is of honesty and trust. To his conveyance I assign my wife, With what else needful your good grace shall think, To be sent after me. (Shakespeare, 1018)† But while in Cyprus, Othello is the most powerful man because he is the commanding officer. However, this power has m ade him loose trust in almost everyone around him and led to his insanity. Othello begins changing from a confident and secure man to a self-doubting individual. He shows this by doubting the faithfulness in his marriage. Even though Iago plants the seed ofShow MoreRelatedComparison between Othello and Skin1414 Words   |  6 Pagestexts Othello and Skin. To what extent are the differences between the two texts treatment of this theme due to their different historical and cultural contexts? Othello and Skin are both excellent examples of how the outsider is topic in which society is intrigued by. Both Sandra and Othello are both victims of their time and geographical setting, as well as being considered different due to their race and achievements. Although there are a great number of common themes through both Othello andRead MoreThe Tragedy Of Othello The Moor Of Venice Essay1743 Words   |  7 Pages ‘Without setting, characters are simply there, in a vacuum, with no reason to act and most importantly, no reason to care.’ The setting gives place for a narrative to begin and evolve from, without a strong setting some texts may be difficult to interpret without extra contextual and historical knowledge of the time period of which it was written. Shakespeare’s The Tragedy of Othello the Moor of Venice written 1603 was set in Italy, in the Venetian Republic . This setting was gaining popularityRead MoreThemes of Blame and Justice in Othello Essay979 Words   |  4 PagesThe Play Othello first performed in 1604 written by Shakespeare was a play that portrayed the problems faced in society regarding blame and justice. He showed this by using the setting of Venice where almost everyone was rich, living in houses based in the most powerful part of Italy. Shakespeare used race which tied into the setting as the main character, a black man living in a white society. H e used gender to portray labels and to show how different sexes were treated. Shakespeare is showing usRead MoreAnalysis Of Shakespeare s Othello, By William Shakespeare1040 Words   |  5 Pagesthemes and ideas lead to greater understanding, appreciation and insight of both the old and the new. The texts Othello, William Shakespeare (1600) and Othello, Geoffrey Sax (2001), ring true for this statement. Despite the differing contexts and ages, the universal themes of racism and betrayal bring new meaning to each of the texts. The primary meaning from the juxtaposition of the two is that of the human condition, and how the problems faced in the 17th century are faced in modern times. The overarchingRead MoreRacial Integrity Act Of 1924 And Mildred Loving1479 Words   |  6 Pagesthe only thing that matters. In the play, Othello by William Shakespeare, the book Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain, and the article, â€Å"The Meaning Of Serena Williams† by Claudia Rankine, race is a major topic, and it is continuously argued in different ways. The status quo of race is challenged in these written pieces through the use of multiple literary techniques. These texts utilize the devices of minor character impact, difference in setting, and thematic structure to demonstrate theRead MoreThe Secret River By Kate Grenville And William Shakespeare1467 Words   |  6 Pageswritten by Kate Grenville in 2006. William Shakespeare’s play Othello was written in 1603 and set in Venice. Kate Grenville and William Shakespeare used compositional features to express both similar and different ideas of difference and power. They have cohesive ideas of power such as the use of structure and symbolism to convey power however, differ in their structure. They both expressed race through the context of the novel, setting, narrative perspective and imagery. However, 17th century englishRead MoreAnalysis Of Othello And Trifles 1106 Words   |  5 Pagesglance or giving a slight ear to the two plays â€Å"Trifles† and â€Å"Othello† the differences can be very noticeable. â€Å"Othello† was written by a man William Shakespeare and â€Å"Trifles† by a women Susan Glaspell. While Glaspell authored her play in the twentieth century, Shakespeare on the other hand penned his play in the seventeenth century. â€Å"Trifles† theme dealt with isolation whereas jealousy was the theme in â€Å"Othello†. When taking a closer look and compare the two the use of verbal irony, situationalRead MoreOthello, By William Shakespeare1218 Words   |  5 PagesIn a historical time period where emphasis was shifting from rel igion to race and ethnicity, key indicators of differences that perpetuated into racial prejudice and racial ideologies are evident in Othello by William Shakespeare. Although racism was not fully formed at this moment in history, Othello can be interpreted as a representation and an exploration of this shift in ideology. In the past, before this change toward racial differences, religion was the major segretory factor in signifyingRead MoreEssay on A Comparison of Othello and the Movie O1548 Words   |  7 PagesA Comparison of Othello and the Movie O When Shakespeare composed the tragedy Othello televisions were not. Along with no televisions, life in the late 1500s had many different qualities than it does today. This time period had no war on drugs and no high school shootings. Peer pressure was not an issue. The audiences of Othello in the 1500s did not face the circumstances that we, American high school students, face today. With these significant differences in daily life, come the attemptsRead MoreMedea and Othello1559 Words   |  7 PagesTwo tragedies from two different time period, Medea and Othello show similarities and differences in their characters, story plots and settings. Euripedes’ Medea written in the classical period and Shakespeare’s Othello written in the romantic era, the two tragedies shows different feel of what tragedies are. First of all, the most obvious difference between these two play is how Medea shows unities (time, place and action) whilst Othello has none. It’s clearly shown in the first scene, as soon

Science Is a Threat to Humanity Free Essays

SCIENCE IS A THREAT TO HUMANITY 1ST – OPPOSITION Thank you my dear madam speaker. Assalamualaikum and a very good day to the wise and honourable adjudicators, the alert and punctual time keeper, my fellow teammates, the misleading government team and MOTH. Before i start, i would like to refute the definition given by the government team. We will write a custom essay sample on Science Is a Threat to Humanity or any similar topic only for you Order Now Now, it is my duty to define the key words of today’s motion. According to Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English, science means knowledge about the world, especially based on examination and testing, and on facts that can be proved. Threat means someone or something that is regarded as a possible danger. Lastly, humanity means the state of being human and having qualities and rights that all people have. So, the full definition of today’s motion is knowledge about the world, especially based on examination and testing and on facts that can be proved is a possible danger to qualities and rights of all people. Now, please allow me to rebut the point given by the Prime Minister. He/She claims said that ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ But that is not true because ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ Before i go on with my arguments, i would like to stress that my team mates and i are totally disagree with the motion today that says ‘Science is a threat to Humanity’ and would like to switch this motion to ‘Science is a bless to humanity’ which means knowledge about the world, especially based on examination and testing and on facts that can be proved makes people happy and satisfied in terms of qualities and rights of all people. Now, please allow me to introduce my team mates. I as the first speaker will talk about Science gives major health benefits while my second speaker will further strengthen our team’s stand on this motion by talking about Science helps in improving qualities of life and Science improve communication. Last but not least, my third speaker will rebut all misleading points raised by the government team. MOTH, In today’s world, Science is vital in ensuring we live a healthy life. It has major health benefits because as we have the knowledge about the treatments of certain illness and cures are discovered, many lives can be saved. MOTH, If we support Science, we can get the benefits from it. Our lives will be much better because we will be able to find the cures and preventions to diseases. We need to have the knowledge in medical aspect so that all fatal diseases can be cured and prevented. Not only that, by supporting science, we will be able to create better health and medical facilities. We will be able to use drugs that prevent diseases rather than merely treating symptoms and we will have body monitors that warn of impending trouble. MOTH, Can you bear the pain of suffering from diseases such as cancer and heart attack all your lives just because you oppose to Science? Through science, we can have modern medicine to relieve suffering even for babies. With science also we can detect diseases in early stage even during pregnancies. In genetic screening, for example, we can monitor the development of embryos to get high quality and healthy babies. If there is any disability or defects, it can be treated in early stage. As we know, embryos might have disabilities that would kill them as newborn babies. If properly treated these people may well live to enjoy healthy lives. If we oppose science, we are actually not helping the babies to be better adults in terms of their health. Not only that. Science helps in improving health condition of human beings because of any accidents or tragedy. With science, we are able to help people who are blind to see the lights and all wonderful things on earth and people who cannot walk to be able to walk again. Isn’t it a miracle? Do you think we will be able to do so without the help of science? I don’t think so my dear government team. MOTH, I am sure i have said enough to convince you that science is not a threat but is actually a bless to humanity. The health benefits that we receive from them are so great that we are able to enjoy life to the fullest and no more worries of critical diseases. So MOTH, once again i restate our stand that we totally disagree with the motion today that says â€Å"Science is a threat to humanity’ as it should be ‘Science is a bless to humanity’. With that i beg to differ. Thank you. SCIENCE IS A THREAT TO HUMANITY 2ND- OPPOSITION Thank you madam speaker. Assalamualaikum and a very good morning to the wise and honourable adjudicators, the punctual timekeeper, my fellow teammates, not forgetting the misleading government team and members of the house. As the second speaker, it is my duty to rebut the arguments given by the second minister of the government team. Her/His argument was _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ But i disagree because ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ Then he/she also claimed that ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Then, the Prime Minister claims that ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ Which i don’t agree because ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ MOTH, My first argument is about how science helps in improving the quality of life. As humans, we cannot deny that we need science – the knowledge to make our lives easier. You must remember, without science, you will not know how to get clothes, to build a house or to cook food. The contribution of science can be seen in our everyday lives. Can we think about a life without electricity, cars, telephone, internet, television and thousands of scientific inventions that make our life comfortable? The application of science is indeed a great help in people’s every day routine. For example, people use their refrigerator to keep their food chilled and fresh longer. People use cars, buses and other vehicles the transport themselves from one place to another. They use air conditioners and heaters to help maintain temperature. As we can see, every aspect of life is dependent on science and its application to improve the quality of life. MOTH, We cannot say no to science for all the contributions it brings. With science, we can get latest knowledge and find more discoveries to improve our quality of life. With science also we can get new technology to develop our nation and boost our economy. When our country is developed, only then we can compete with other countries or at least be equal with other countries in terms of social, politics and economy. If we are against science, of course we will be left behind. MOTH, The discoveries in genetically modified food have helped to reduce famine and hunger. In agriculture, the genetics of food are improved to produce bigger fruits which provide more nutrients to all people. This is certainly a great achievement in the field of science where it as able to help the poor countries to fight the problem of hunger among their people. MOTH, Now let’s move on to my second argument that is Science helps to improve communication. Years after years we can see advancement in the communication sector where people on opposite sides of the world are able to stay in touch where before, they would have no possible way to do so, thanks to Science and its application. Today, distance will not be an issue because we can communicate and exchange ideas with people around the world in just a moment. This helps to strengthen the relationship among people. As we all know, the internet keeps us connected. We even can change our ways in solving problems easier and faster through the internet. It also makes our job run fast and more effective. Even entrepreneurs use this medium to do their transactions. The development in many industries right now also is actually because of science and the application of science. There is no barrier to market products and we can compete with other develop countries, thanks again to the miracle of science. MOTH, Do you still remember the 6th Challenge of our Vision 2020? , the challenge of establishing a scientific and progressive society, a society that is innovative and forward looking, one that is not only a consumer of technology but also a contributor to the scientific and technological civilization of the future. Our vision 2020 will not be a reality if we say no to Science. MOTH, How to cite Science Is a Threat to Humanity, Papers

Napster Wars Essays - Metallica, Intellectual Property Law, Napster

Napster Wars Fifth Amendment ?A young Shaun Fanning, attending school in high school in Harwich, Massachusetts had two loves: 1) Sports ( baseball, basketball, and tennis ) and 2) computers. As his curiosity grew for computers, he decided to stop his sport playing, and spend most of his time working with computers. He primarily focused on two aspects of the computer, programming and the Internet. His computer fascination grew into an obsession throughout high school. His freshman year at Northeast University in 1998 was spent trying to enter computer science classes higher than the entry level. Not finding anything challenging about the courses, he decided to start writing a Windows based program in his spare time. He started spending time in IRC chat rooms with experienced programmers who knew the tricks of the trade. Shaun's roommate loved MP3's, but disliked the unreliability of old sites, and having to search endlessly for songs that were usually not even available. With this in mind, and his developing skills as a programmer and his curiosity for the internet, Shaun decided to write the Beta for Napster. He used the idea of all users being connected to one central computer server, yet all having access to each other's music files. He wanted a continually updated list of songs to choose from. He wrote a small version and distributed it to friends and family. The results were all positive. He had fellow programmers detect bugs, and perfect the program. Napster got its' big break, when it was featured as Download.com's featured download. The system would be revolutionary, he thought. A sharp contrast to the traditional search engines, this community would be user powered, based only on what t he users want to share with other users. After the advertisement on Download.com, Napsters' user count sky-rocketed. Shaun was on the right path. How creative! This creativeness would soon turn to turmoil (Fanning p.1).? ?On May 8, 2000, the Recording Industry Association of America sued Napster and its' founders for music piracy(Borland p.1).? It is really a battle of individual rights and ingenuity, as opposed to copyrights. It has quickly moved its' way up to the US Supreme Court and has the media as well as the public hungry for the latest reports. Napster can be downloaded and installed for free on your computer. When setup, Napster serves as an online music community, where you can conduct a search through all of the other users songs that are currently online. ?There are consistently 800,000 people using the Napster service, limited only by their resources?(Fanning). This should give you an idea of the large music variety you have to choose from. The Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) has decided to take it upon themselves to sue Napster and its founder's for promoting the illegal reproduction of copyrighted music, and not giving any royalties to the owners of the songs. ?Napster argues that it is not directly responsible for the distribution of songs, because it doesn't provide the songs for the users to download (Borland p1)?. The users download songs off of each others computers, thus they cannot control copyright matters. They also argued they should have the same leeway as Internet Service Providers (ISP) do, when it comes to copyright issues. ISP's are not held liable for copyright infringements if they do something about it. If they do not do anything about it, then they can be held liable. I have chosen to view this issue in perspective of the Fifth Amendment. In order to better understand what is going to be talked about, I will explain exactly what the Fifth Amendment entitles American citizens to. ?A concern struck people in early America of a strong central government. Too strong. To ease concerns like this, a Bill of Rights was proposed, which gave individuals certain rights, which was understood by the government not to infringe upon. Basically it gave humans some rights that the government could not touch. The Fifth Amendment is part of the Bill of Rights and it holds that individuals cannot be required to give the government information which may be used against them in criminal cases. Subsequent case law has applied the Fifth Amendment in civil cases, too, when there

Military Dolphin Research essays

Military Dolphin Research essays As intelligent and beautiful creatures of the sea, dolphins long ago captured the imaginations of human beings. Ancient artists in Crete (2500 B.C.) painted frescoes on the walls of the Minoan palace at Knossis of dolphins jumping in the blue Mediterranean waters. Today, we see dolphins depicted on T-shirts, jewelry, posters, and tattoos. During the 1950s, the television program Flipper (played by a dolphin named Mitzi) made dolphin intelligence widely known. For many years, Mitzi was also the star of a dolphin show in the Florida Keys in which she did amazing tricks and pulled children around in a little boat. Moreover, dolphins are friendly and seem to like human beings. Areas where people live close to the water are replete with dolphin stories about the helpfulness and protectiveness of dolphins. They are said to kill sharks, for example, and to nudge little kids back toward shore when they go out too deep in the ocean. Perhaps because there is such affection for these an imals, much controversy has arisen over their use by the military in waging war. This essay will argue, however, that military research on dolphins is humane and safe, the animals are not being harmed, and the research is of tremendous benefit both to dolphins and to humans. The Navy Marine Mammal Program began in 1960 when the Navy acquired a Pacific White-sided dolphin and began experimenting to improve torpedo performance. The goal was to see if dolphins had a sophisticated drag-reduction system, but the technology of the day was not equal to the study, so it was not considered successful. By 1964, however, more sophisticated animal research was done to study their senses and capabilities such as sonar and deep diving. In 1965 a dolphin named Tuffy learned to carry tools to workers 200 feet down and to locate and guide lost divers to safety (Wikipedia U. S. Navy marine Mammal Program web site). According to LeVasseur (Whales on the Net &...

7 Editing Pet Peeves

7 Editing Pet Peeves 7 Editing Pet Peeves 7 Editing Pet Peeves By Mark Nichol We all have our editorial idiosyncrasies. Here are seven words, phrases, or other subjects that make me peevish: 1. â€Å"Beg the Question† If you see this phrase in print, it’s likely to mean â€Å"to bring up an obvious question,† as in â€Å"That begs the question of how we are going to balance the budget† or â€Å"to prompt a question in response to something,† as in â€Å"The new evidence begs the question of whether the defendant was guilty after all.† To beg the question, however, originally meant to make a statement that assumes that the proposition in question is true; an example is â€Å"Most scholars discount Smith’s theories because they don’t agree with him.† This original definition, however, is being overwhelmed by the new senses described above. They are so ubiquitous that they are coming to be accepted as valid, but such acceptance dilutes the value of the pure meaning. It’s best not to use the phrase at all. 2. â€Å"I could care less.† Perhaps I care about this too much, because it doesn’t come up often, but more than never is too much. The correct expression is â€Å"I couldn’t care less,† meaning, â€Å"The degree to which I care is the least possible amount.† Some people argue that â€Å"I could care less† is a way of shrugging an issue off by implying that the minimal extent to which one is concerned about it could be diminished even further. My opinion: It’s a mishearing of the correct form, and those who write it the wrong way are writing it the wrong way. 3. Different When I read a sentence like â€Å"Seventeen different languages are spoken by students at the school,† my first thought is, â€Å"As opposed to seventeen identical languages?† In other words, different is redundant to the statement of plurality. Different is the default. 4. Latin Latin abbreviations such as i.e. and e.g. are valid, but they’re often misused or at least punctuated incorrectly (or not at all), and â€Å"for example† and â€Å"that is† serve just as well. The same goes for the Latin for â€Å"and so on†: etc. which, by the way, is redundant not only to the foregoing abbreviations but also to â€Å"such as† and â€Å"et al.† (â€Å"and others†), which, outside of a bibliography, is simply not necessary. And why use ergo when you can write thus? A good proportion of English vocabulary derives from Latin, but I advocate minimizing direct borrowing. 5. Nonprofit I abhor the use of nonprofit as a stand-alone noun, and I find I must append the word organization to that word, converting it into an adjective: â€Å"nonprofit organization.† The same opposition applies to multinationals; I favor â€Å"multinational corporations.† 6. Quality I once worked for a publication whose editor in chief banned the word quality alone when â€Å"high quality† is meant, as in â€Å"This is a quality publication.† It was an oddly specific prohibition from a person who wouldn’t be expected to bother with such specific usage, but I agreed with her then, and I do now; I never use the term in isolation in that context. 7. Scare Quotes Quotation marks used as the written equivalent of wiggled-finger air quotes are usually unnecessary. They’re especially so in conjunction with so-called in fact, they’re redundant in that case: â€Å"So-called notification laws require businesses to notify customers when certain unencrypted customer data is improperly accessed.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Using "a" and "an" Before WordsUsed To vs. Use ToDealing With A Character's Internal Thoughts

Contextual and Theoretical Studies (Information Design - London Essay

Contextual and Theoretical Studies (Information Design - London Underground) - Essay Example This is normally not the case with other forms of art where it is not possible to know what part of the piece was intended for communication and what information it was intended to pass to the viewers. These reasons therefore argue for the case why people may choose a diagram to analyse at the expense of other forms of art (Penrice, 1975). The London underground diagram is used to communicate to ordinary people in the London underground railway system but due to the fact that people have gotten very familiar with it, they tend to ignore it and therefore fail to utilise the information that it provides. It was expected that the diagram would receive a lot of attention from the citizens of the country as well as British art critics due to the fact that the London underground diagram is considered a master piece of art of the twentieth century. Another reason that there should have been more appreciation directed to the diagram is the fact that a lot of artists of the United Kingdom hav e their residences in London as it is considered a centre for art and culture. It is therefore this reason that studying the diagram is important in order to understand how it communicates to the people of London in the city’s underground railway network (Walker, 1979). History of the London underground diagram The LUD idea dates back to 1931 and was brought by an artist named Henry C. Becks but was first rejected on the argument that it was a very revolutionary piece of art. This rejection was however over turned and the diagram was accepted in 1933 at the expense of Stingmore’s map. It is important to note that Beck, the original designer of the diagram, was also responsible for the various subsequent revisions that were carried out on the diagram to reflect the additions of various lines of the London underground railway line system. The reason why Beck chose to use a diagram instead of a map was as a result of a thorough evaluation of the needs of the public in ter ms of the need for clarity of the diagram rather than geographical accuracy. The fact that there were additions of various lines to the underground system made it impossible to maintain a geographically correct diagram and therefore the only option was to ensure that the diagram was clear to the public in the sense that they could see clearly the various lines and the outline of the underground train system (Penrice, 1975). The diagram as a map The diagram has been referred to as a map by various artists as well as ordinary people but it should be noted that this reference has been discredited due to various reasons. Most of the critics have argued that diagrams do not possess some of the unique and communicative features found in maps and therefore cannot be referred to as maps. It is however important to note that a further study by various academicians revealed that there are various common characteristics that are shared between maps and diagrams and therefore it is not wrong to refer to diagrams as maps. The main argument about the differences is due to the specific characteristics of maps as they are used to depict actual pieces of earth although in a much smaller size and on a piece of paper. It is also clear that maps are used to reduce

The Significance of World Religions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 11

The Significance of World Religions - Essay Example Religion is one such issue that is much misunderstood and raises passions to unexpected limits. Given the two sides of a coin, religion can be used constructively for the betterment of society or to serve the vested interests of a few. It is intriguing that intolerance in the name of religion has grown in spite of increased literacy and education on the one hand, and a better standard of living on the other. The fanaticism of today has its parallels in man’s hoary past. It is this past that communities repeatedly invoke to settle scores with those with a different outlook. It is in this backdrop that religious leaders the world over are endeavoring to facilitate dialogue not only among religions but also among the adherents of various religions. One such leader is His Holiness The Dalai Lama of Tibet who is a vocal advocate of religious harmony besides being a role model for Buddhists everywhere. Fisher opines that there is an inexplicable reality experienced by all cultures. The material world fails to provide answers to all our questions. It is this void that religion tries to fill. The man has overcome nature and is in a commanding position vis a vis nature many a time. It is questions that defy logic or are beyond his comprehension for which he turns to religion (12-13). Fisher mentions a set of human needs that religion fulfills. One of these is the question of the afterlife. Rational thinking cannot explain the journey of the self after death. Similarly, the aspect of perfection beyond the five senses is alien to human experience. Man strives to find the answer to perfection beyond sensory perception (14-15). Likewise, religion can give the true reason behind personal problems and how man overcomes these when there is no hope left. Apart from the physical self, man can also discover his true self, the soul, which cannot be easily described in a material setting.

columbia :: essays research papers

I would love to visit Columbia, but I would not like to live there. I wouldn’t want to live there because must of Columbia is poverty. One US dollar would equal 2,504.24. So, that means there money isn’t worth a lot. There literacy rate is 91% so they are educated. I would love to visit Colombia because Shakira was born there and she is really hot. I also want to experience a different culture.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One reason I will never live in Colombia is because most of it is poverty. Population below poverty line is 55%. Maybe that's why they have drug cartel. One of the major drugs coming from there is cocaine. So the poor people have nothing to lose and everything to gain. One reason I would love to live there is because if you too $125,000 US dollars that would equal $62,606,000 Colombian pesos. So you would be rich over there. With that kind of money you could buy a mansion and impress a lot of beautiful women.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  One reason I would love to visit Colombia is they have really good coffee. Also Shakira was native there; so that means there are more beautiful women over there. I also want to learn some Colombian boxing or other kind of fighting. So that I could have experience when I join UFDC (Ultimate Fighting Championship). It’s no holds bared fighting, I wold also like to take a picture in front of Shakiras old house.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The last reason I want to go visit Colombia is I want to engage in a different culture. Not so much the religion part, but their way of living. I would also love to eat some of their native foods. I want to dress like them because they look funny in the clothes, but they always have a smile on their face. While I’m there why not get some Colombian rum in use, right. I wouldn’t mind boxing and making money to pay for the rum I’ll be drinking.

Structuring Repsol’s Acquisition of YPF

How significant are the expected synergies and restructuring effects? Please prepare an estimate of the value of these.For Repsol and its shareholders, the YPF acquisition deal is seen as an ideal strategic match. The Spanish oil company gets most of its revenues from activities like refining and gasoline stations, and must buy much of its crude oil from others, while YPF owns substantial reserves because its activities are dominated by exploration and production of oil. As a united company, Repsol will have a much better balance of business, quadrupling its reserves, and vaulting into the big leagues of the top 10 international players. But with the reserves of YPF, it will instead benefit from rising prices, and expand its activities to other countries in Latin America.Repsol-YPF seeks to achieve a balance between upstream and downstream operations, position itself as a market leader in Latin America, achieve operating and capital expenditure synergies and consolidate its business scale and financial strength. As part of its integration strategy, Repsol-YPF will begin to dispose of select assets which do not correspond to its core businesses outlined above or to its core geographic areas which include Spain, Latin America and North Africa.Synergies Estimate Cost savings after tax of $350 million by 2000, 1.6% cost savings in 1998, reduction in capital expenditure from $15.6 billion to $13.6 billion, reduced finding costs by 25.0%, as a result of decreased test drilling activity and the implementation of new technology, and lifting costs by 4.6%, as a result of synergies with YPF’s operations and increased levels for gas production, which has lower lifting costs than oil production, divesting non-core assets to yield $2.5 billion in 2002.2) Please assess the price that Cortina proposes to offer to YPF  shareholders. At $44.78 per share, would Repsol underpay, overpay, or just offer a fair price?Attached Excel,The price of $44.78 per share was a fair p rice as there was a strategic fit and synergies between the two companies. YPF was focused on upstream and thus balanced Repsol’s downstream activities.In the attached excel, I performed valuation of YPF by subtracting PV of Repsol from PV of Repsol-YPF combined with synergies at WACC of 10.9% (all debt financing).I got the value as 10.472 billion dollars./ The additional (13 billion- 10.472 billion) is the premium which Repsol is paying for geographic and business diversification.Adj PV Formula used by me: EBIT– Taxes on EBIT =Net Operating Profit After Tax (NOPAT) + Non cash items in EBIT – Working Capital changes – Capital Expenditures and Other Operating Investments =Free Cash FlowsTake Present Value (PV) of FCFs discounted by Return on Assets % (also Return on Unlevered Equity %) + PV of terminal value =Value of Unlevered Assets + Excess cash and other assets =Value of Unlevered Firm (i.e. firm value without financing effects or benefit of interest t ax shield) + Present Value of Debt's Periodic Interest Tax Shield discounted by Cost of Debt Financing % =Value of Levered Firm3) Please assess the current pricing of Repsol shares in the market. Is Repsol undervalued, overvalued, or just fairly valued in the global equity markets at this time? Is now a good time to issue Repsol shares?From Exhibit 11, the current price of Repsol stock is 18-19 $ per share. Actual Value of Repsol share is 7010/900 = $7.78per share from Exhibit 3.Using valuation using DCF, I arrived at $ 22.33 per share for Repsol(attached Excel). Hence it is fairly valued.4) Compare the relative advantages and disadvantages of offering to the shareholders of YPF either (a) cash or (b) shares of Repsol. If you were a shareholder in YPF, which form of consideration would be more attractive (assuming that the amount of consideration would be constant at $44.78 per share)?Advantages of cash financing are Cheaper than equity, tax benefits from tax shields, Decrease in co mbined cost of capital, creating value for shareholders, largest fixed income offer.Disadvantages of cash financing are Sudden increase in Repsol’s leverage, downgrade in debt ratings, increased cost of debt, inability to meet future unforeseen financial requirements, probability of default, sensitive to price changes, signaling to investors, shorter maturity period and uncertainties.Advantages of stock financing are Expand its unused debt capacity, prepared for aggressive growth via acquisitions, maintain coverage ratios and credit ratings.Disadvantages of stock financing are Reduced EPS due to dilution, more business risk, dependence on Repsol’s share price, clash in investors’ interests between shares of developed and developing economies.Cash financing is a better option for shareholders of YPF as they would  receive a fixed price and would not participate in additional gains or losses post acquisition.5) Whether or not you favor a cash-based offer for YPF , please compare the relative advantages and disadvantages of the (a) all-debt-financed cash offer, (b) all-equity financed cash offer, and (c) blended financing of debt, preferred stock, and equity. How significant are variations in default risk in the assessment of the financing alternatives (see case Exhibit 10)?Attached Excel sheet,Considering Country Risk, all debt financing gives the highest valuation of Repsol-YPF and variation due to risk is least in all debt financing offer.Considering minimum Country Risk, all equity financing gives the highest valuation of Repsol-YPF but variation due to risk is highest in all equity financing offer.Blended financing gives minimum variation in valuation of Repsol – YPF . The variations in default risk are significant in assessing the alternatives as that affects WACC and hence valuation.6) What course of action would you recommend that Alfonso Cortina adopt regarding form of payment and financing for the tender offer for YPF? On wh at â€Å"key bets† does your recommendation depend?Cortina should make an all cash payment to acquire YPF at 44.78$ per share to avoid the disadvantages of equity financing and also considering bylaws of YPF.Repsol’s strategic plan is based on three fundamental premises: growth, transformation of portfolio and profitability. The primary objective for Repsol is to guarantee sustainable dividend growth for its shareholders.Repsol will implement a strategy of profitable growth for all of its businesses, based on the optimisation of existing projects, the development of new projects, and the analysis of possible business opportunities in areas of interest to the company. It states that the downstream business which includes chemicals will contribute solid growth and stable cash flow for the company.The Repsol chemical business is believed to hold a ‘sound position in international markets', strengthened by a high integration with the refining and exploration and prod uction business areas, access to competitive technologies and the company's ongoing efforts in cost contention.7) In general, what is the influence of deal financing on other aspects of M&A deal design?A widely used approach to evaluating financing alternatives is the FRICTO framework. The framework can help to identify trade-offs along six dimensions:Flexibility: the ability to meet unforeseen financing requirements as they arise. Flexibility may involve liquidating assets or tapping the capital markets in adverse market environments or both. Flexibility can be measured by bond ratings, coverage ratios, capitalization ratios, liquidity ratios, and the identification of salable assets. Risk: This is the predictable variability in the firm’s operating cash flow. Such variability may be due to both macroeconomic factors (e.g., consumer demand) and industry- or firm-specific factors (e.g., product life cycles, biannual strikes in advance of wage negotiations).To some extent, pas t experience may indicate the future range of variability in earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT) and cash flow. High leverage tends to amplify the impact of these predictable business swings—this amplification is what is commonly called leverage. In theory, beta should vary directly with leverage. The firm’s debt rating will provide a second external measure of risk of the firm. Income: This compares financial structures on the basis of value creation. Measures such as DCF value, projected ROE, EPS, resulting price/earnings ratio, and cost of capital indicate the comparative value effects of  alternative financial structures.Finance theory tells us that (all else equal) the value-maximizing capital structure is also that which minimizes the weighted average cost of capital. Thus, the analyst can devote attention to the capital cost resulting from the different financial structures. Finally, economic profit, or EVA, summarizes the joint impact of capital structu re, investment, and operating profit effects. Control: Alternative financial structures may imply changes in control or different control constraints on the firm as indicated by the percentage distribution of share ownership and by the structure of debt covenants. Significant investors will be sensitive to the dilution in their voting position in the firm, implied by different acquisition financing alternatives.Timing: This asks the question of whether the current capital market environment is the right moment to implement any alternative financial structure, and what the implications for future financings will be if the proposed structure is adopted. The current market environment can be assessed by examining the Treasury yield curve, the trend in the movement of interest rates, the existence of any windows in the market for new issues of securities, P/E multiple trends, and so on.Chiefly, one wants to look for evidence of over- or undervaluation of securities in the capital market . Sequencing considerations are implicitly captured in the assumptions underlying alternative DCF value estimates and can be explicitly examined by looking at annual EPS and ROE streams under alternative financing sequences. Other: Since no framework can anticipate all possible effects, the â€Å"O† reminds the analyst to consider potential idiosyncratic influences on the decision. Two such items are investment liquidity of the owners and estate planning considerations. As these examples suggest, such considerations tend to be more influential in smaller and privately held firms. However, a major â€Å"other† consideration for large publicly traded firms is the signaling content of their financial choices.The issuance of equity is typically accompanied by decreases in share prices; issuance of debt is accompanied by increases. One interpretation of this result is that the type of financing signals optimism or pessimism about the future by insiders in the firm.This fram ework can be used to indicate the relative strengths and weaknesses of alternative financing plans. To use a simple example, suppose that your  firm is considering two alternatives for financing an acquisition: a new issue of debt to fund a cash payment or a new issue of equity in exchange for the target’s shares. Looking across each row, the decision maker can determine which alternative dominates on each criterion.The debt structure is favoured on the grounds of income (perhaps reflecting debt tax shields and no share dilution), the absence of voting dilution, and today’s interest rate conditions. The equity structure is favoured on the grounds of flexibility, risk, absence of covenants, today’s equity market conditions, and the long-term financial sequencing benefits.THINK LIKE AN INVESTORThe definition of a good capital structure would be one that maximizes shareholder value. This structure will also minimize the weighted average cost of capital and maximi ze the share price and value of the enterprise.

Alexander the Great Was a Great Leader - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 512 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2019/04/22 Category History Essay Level High school Tags: Alexander The Great Essay Did you like this example? Alexander the Great is considered a legend by a majority of the people who knew who he was; he concurred so much land, ruled a vast kingdom, and he impacted history at such a young age. Although he was this great leader or legend, some people didnt agree, he was a psychotic maniac, who had a big ego. He was conceded and had no concern for others. He also didnt build much, was more of just a conqueror. Alexander was the King of the traditional Greek kingdom of Macedon. He is also known for having one of the greatest military minds in Greek history. He was only 20 years old when he launched an invasion on the Persian Empire. Alexander the Great the King of the Greek region Macedonia conquered so much land at such a young age. He conquered Persia, Egypt, Syria, Mesopotamia, Bactria, and Punjab. He also founded a city in Egypt called Alexandria. At 20 year young, he launched an invasion on the Persian Empire. Altogether he conquered over two million square miles. He also named cities after he called Tyre. At 13, Alexanders dad Philip hired Greek philosopher Aristotle to be Alexanders personal tutor, you can thank Aristotle and Philip for Alexs education and success. Alexander the Great ruled a vast kingdom called Macedonia. Alexander spent his childhood looking at his father reworking Macedonia into a good military power, winning victory after victory on the battlefields throughout the Balkans. In 340 BCE, after Philip assembled a large Macedonian army and invaded Thrace, he left his 16-year-old some, Alexander, to rule Macedonia. This shows how accomplished Alexander was at such a young age, imagine having to rule a region at 16! A few years later Philip gave Alexander a commanding post among the generals as Macedonia invaded Greece. At the Battle of Chaeronea, the Greeks were defeated, and this is where Alex really got to show his bravery to everyone. Ancient Historians believe his bravery is what won them the battle. Alexander was born within th e ancient capital of Macedonia, Pella. His parents were Philip II of Macedon and Olympias, Philip II was the ruler of Macedonia before Alexander so Alex had a background growing up in a family of rulers. In 336 BCE, Philip was assassinated so this was Alexanders time to shine. That same year in 336 BCE, against all odds he and his army were led to victories in the Persian territories of Egypt, Syria, and Asia Minor. They didnt lose one battle in the invasion. The next 8 years were tons of moving, Alexander as a king, commander, explorer etc. led his army 11,000 more miles and founding 70 more cities. Alexander the Great will always be known to have one of the greatest military minds ever, he was acknowledged as a military genius. Though his beliefs thinking he was indestructible, who was reckless about his own life and his soldiers. He did all of this at such a young age, he died in June of 323 BCE of a fever. As Alexander the Great one said There is nothing impossible to him who will try. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Alexander the Great Was a Great Leader" essay for you Create order