Treachery and Betrayal in Othello - 1408 Words

Treachery and betrayal, they belong hand in hand, like a married couple, for they both ultimately lead to misery and sorrow. In William Shakespeare’s play, Othello, acts of treachery and betrayal have great dramatic significance. They greatly contribute to the theme that appearance does not always portray reality, and reality is not what one sees but more often what one does not see. The acts of treachery and betrayal in Othello help to develop this theme through character development. Such acts include: how Iago deceives Othello by being his friend and enemy at the same time. Othello betraying his wife’s love and trust. Emilia (Iago’s wife) betraying her very own husband for justice. Finally Iago’s betrayal of Roderigo, using him and his†¦show more content†¦The more that Othello’s character changes the less reality he sees, and the more fiction he sees, which makes him betray someone he loves, because appearances are not always true. Othello and Desdemona are not the only couple that suffer acts of betrayal from within their very own relationship. Emilia and Iago are another couple that, whose characters’ change causing them to lose touch with reality. Emilia is always suspicious of Iago but she still trusts him, for example when she gives Desdemona’s handkerchief to Iago reluctantly â€Å"If [the handkerchief]be not for some purpose of import,/Givet me again: poor lady, shell run mad/ When she shall lack it† (III,iii,156-159). Emilia does not want to give the handkerchief to Iago because she thinks he might to something to hurt Desdemona and Othello with it. Therefore she asks him indirectly to give it back to Desdemona. In doing so Emilia is betraying her husbands trust by doubting his intentions. This small event is enough to change her view of her husband, and plant doubt in her mind as to the reality of his actions versus their appearance. Ultimately this small action has great conseque nces to her life. Near the end of the play, once Othello kills his wife, Emilia finds out and she confronts Othello, and she reveals that it was her husband that betrayed him. In doing so, she has betrayed all trust that she and her husband had. Making Othello see theShow MoreRelatedIn Shakespeare’s Othello, race is a concept that is only minimally explored. Characters in the play1400 Words   |  6 PagesIn Shakespeare’s Othello, race is a concept that is only minimally explored. Characters in the play assume that, since they are English, they are superior and foreign characters (like Othello the Moor) are inferior. This is not questioned much at all, and in fact it is assumed outright that Othello is indeed a lesser man because of his skin color and the ways in which characters like Iago and Roderigo treat him. While an early modern audience would accept this concept without hesitation, an audienceRead MoreOthello: Shakespeare vs. Parker Essay615 Words   |  3 P agesOthello: Shakespeare vs. Parker To create an adaptation of a literary work is not an easy task, especially if it is a classic work by man named Shakespeare. Today movies are expected to be packed with drama, action, and sex. True, Othello contains all of these, but it certainly isnt a blockbuster by todays standards. When Shakespeare wrote Othello, viewing the play was an event in itself, not an hour and a half thrill ride that todays viewer have come to expect. This was Parkers dilemmaRead MoreIago And Betrayal In â€Å"Othello†2545 Words   |  11 PagesAP 05/11/11 Iago And Betrayal In â€Å"Othello† â€Å"Othello† is one of the most successful plays in Shakespeare’s collection. One of the subjects the tragedy addresses is betrayal which is a crucial part of the play that helps the author develop events to bring it to its climax. Iago’s character symbolizes disloyalty, but what are the motives of his treachery? It seems like there is not enough reason for his actions. By creating Iago in â€Å"Othello† as perhaps a masterpiece villain comparing to all hisRead MoreOthello The Flaw. At The Core, Othello Is Essentially A1317 Words   |  6 PagesOthello the Flaw At the core, Othello is essentially a good man, but he possesses many qualities, which alone are not inherently immoral, but as a whole they are corrupting to his character. After conversing with Roderigo, Iago describes Othello in his monologue such that â€Å"The Moor is of a free and open nature / That thinks men honest that but seem to be so† (1.3.380-381). Iago divulges how he will take advantage of this. Clearly Othello’s openness is a good quality in a leader with social statusRead MoreThe Development of Othellos Character in William Shakespeares Play1169 Words   |  5 PagesPlay At the start of the play Othello is presented as a very confident character. He is a high ranking general in the Venetian army. However during the course of the play Othello is betrayed and manipulated by Iago, and the audience observes the unravelling of his tragic flaw (jealousy) which initiates the degeneration of his characterRead MoreManipulation In Othello Analysis1237 Words   |  5 PagesThe Manipulation of Ideals Iago uses an intricately complex network of lies, manipulations, and sins to control Othello not only physically, but mentally as well. Iago concentrates his efforts on corrupting Othello’s positive view of women created by his marriage with Desdemona, the purest of the pure. Over the course of Iago’s deception, he gradually proves to Othello that women are the vermin of the earth. Iago takes manipulation to another level, progressively defaming women by generally distrustingRead MoreOthello By William Shakespeare s Othello1209 Words   |  5 PagesOthello Down Shakespeare s Othello comprises of the subjects betrayal, affection and dishonesty. At the focal point of this play is the lamentable ruin of Othello because of his so-called friend Iago. In this paper I will be examining the explanations behind and against Othello being in charge of his defeat through taking a gander at critical interpretations of his character and activities. Othello was profoundly in charge to his own destruction as Iago demonstrating to him to be gullible andRead MoreThe Tragedy Of Othello By William Shakespeare1741 Words   |  7 Pagesall men in the same way? This concept is very clear when we examine the Shakespearean tragedy of Othello. This play demonstrates how Othello a very strong and confident warrior is turned into a paranoid psychopath when faced with the idea of being deceived by his love Desdemona. However, the true question is can Othello the warrior; truly love despite his dangerous nature? A.C. Bradley considers Othello one of Shakespeare’s most romantic character. One must determine if love and passion is the sameRead MoreOthello, By William Shakespeare2299 Words   |  10 Pagesbetween characters to express these themes to the general public. Betrayal, incest, jealousy, and love are all common themes in his works. Although one of Shakespeare’s more popular tragic dramas, Othello, at first glance seem s to mainly center around the characters Othello and Desdemona and their relationship, the play in reality focuses more so on the evil villain, Iago, and his insecurity which instills in him a hatred of Othello. Iago provides some dark humor to the audience, as he is self-possessedRead MoreOthellos Research Paper3340 Words   |  14 PagesAmong Aristotles terms in depicting terms in his model of human characteristics is hamartia. Hamartia is when ones flaw or weakness is his or her error or transgression. In William Shakespeares Othello, Othellos hamartia is the misconception he has of himself as being uncouth, poorly spoken, and old; and because he begins to believe that his fair wife, Desdemona, cannot love him, he starts to believe that she is guilty of infidelity. (classicnote). Maurice Charneys Shakespeare on Love

The Two Settings of Othello - 1184 Words

Effects of the Environment in Othello In The Tragedy of Othello, an epic tale of love and revenge, Shakespeare introduces major themes of jealousy and self-preservation. Shakespeare uses sharp contrast of settings to convey and amplify feelings brought on by the characters’ actions. The civilized city of Venice and the cut off island of Cyprus bring out the differences in personalities among the main characters, leading them to act as different as the two settings. Venice keeps these characters more dignified in their actions with the overwhelming feeling of the council/public watching. However, Cyprus is much more secluded, giving the characters the chance to show their true colors. Desdemona is introduced as an adventurous and†¦show more content†¦Iago informs Roderigo of Desdemona’s alleged affair and instructs him to â€Å"knock out his brains. (Shakespeare, 1080)† Being in Cyprus, Iago was changed from being powerless to the most powerful. Iago wa s able to manipulate everyone close to him by using the power Othello gave him. Out of all three characters, Othello is the one that changed the most. Othello began as a well-respected general of the Venetian forces and ends as a murderer. While in Venice, Othello is the man the council looks to for military leadership. Othello is not the most powerful man in Venice; he is forced to go where the council feels is necessary. This can be seen in the play when he is instructed to report to Cyprus for military duties. Othello is also a man of trust. He puts all his trust in ‘Honest’ Iago to keep his wife safe in times of war. Othello tells the council, â€Å"So please your grace, my ancient; A man he is of honesty and trust. To his conveyance I assign my wife, With what else needful your good grace shall think, To be sent after me. (Shakespeare, 1018)† But while in Cyprus, Othello is the most powerful man because he is the commanding officer. However, this power has m ade him loose trust in almost everyone around him and led to his insanity. Othello begins changing from a confident and secure man to a self-doubting individual. He shows this by doubting the faithfulness in his marriage. Even though Iago plants the seed ofShow MoreRelatedComparison between Othello and Skin1414 Words   |  6 Pagestexts Othello and Skin. To what extent are the differences between the two texts treatment of this theme due to their different historical and cultural contexts? Othello and Skin are both excellent examples of how the outsider is topic in which society is intrigued by. Both Sandra and Othello are both victims of their time and geographical setting, as well as being considered different due to their race and achievements. Although there are a great number of common themes through both Othello andRead MoreThe Tragedy Of Othello The Moor Of Venice Essay1743 Words   |  7 Pages ‘Without setting, characters are simply there, in a vacuum, with no reason to act and most importantly, no reason to care.’ The setting gives place for a narrative to begin and evolve from, without a strong setting some texts may be difficult to interpret without extra contextual and historical knowledge of the time period of which it was written. Shakespeare’s The Tragedy of Othello the Moor of Venice written 1603 was set in Italy, in the Venetian Republic . This setting was gaining popularityRead MoreThemes of Blame and Justice in Othello Essay979 Words   |  4 PagesThe Play Othello first performed in 1604 written by Shakespeare was a play that portrayed the problems faced in society regarding blame and justice. He showed this by using the setting of Venice where almost everyone was rich, living in houses based in the most powerful part of Italy. Shakespeare used race which tied into the setting as the main character, a black man living in a white society. H e used gender to portray labels and to show how different sexes were treated. Shakespeare is showing usRead MoreAnalysis Of Shakespeare s Othello, By William Shakespeare1040 Words   |  5 Pagesthemes and ideas lead to greater understanding, appreciation and insight of both the old and the new. The texts Othello, William Shakespeare (1600) and Othello, Geoffrey Sax (2001), ring true for this statement. Despite the differing contexts and ages, the universal themes of racism and betrayal bring new meaning to each of the texts. The primary meaning from the juxtaposition of the two is that of the human condition, and how the problems faced in the 17th century are faced in modern times. The overarchingRead MoreRacial Integrity Act Of 1924 And Mildred Loving1479 Words   |  6 Pagesthe only thing that matters. In the play, Othello by William Shakespeare, the book Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain, and the article, â€Å"The Meaning Of Serena Williams† by Claudia Rankine, race is a major topic, and it is continuously argued in different ways. The status quo of race is challenged in these written pieces through the use of multiple literary techniques. These texts utilize the devices of minor character impact, difference in setting, and thematic structure to demonstrate theRead MoreThe Secret River By Kate Grenville And William Shakespeare1467 Words   |  6 Pageswritten by Kate Grenville in 2006. William Shakespeare’s play Othello was written in 1603 and set in Venice. Kate Grenville and William Shakespeare used compositional features to express both similar and different ideas of difference and power. They have cohesive ideas of power such as the use of structure and symbolism to convey power however, differ in their structure. They both expressed race through the context of the novel, setting, narrative perspective and imagery. However, 17th century englishRead MoreAnalysis Of Othello And Trifles 1106 Words   |  5 Pagesglance or giving a slight ear to the two plays â€Å"Trifles† and â€Å"Othello† the differences can be very noticeable. â€Å"Othello† was written by a man William Shakespeare and â€Å"Trifles† by a women Susan Glaspell. While Glaspell authored her play in the twentieth century, Shakespeare on the other hand penned his play in the seventeenth century. â€Å"Trifles† theme dealt with isolation whereas jealousy was the theme in â€Å"Othello†. When taking a closer look and compare the two the use of verbal irony, situationalRead MoreOthello, By William Shakespeare1218 Words   |  5 PagesIn a historical time period where emphasis was shifting from rel igion to race and ethnicity, key indicators of differences that perpetuated into racial prejudice and racial ideologies are evident in Othello by William Shakespeare. Although racism was not fully formed at this moment in history, Othello can be interpreted as a representation and an exploration of this shift in ideology. In the past, before this change toward racial differences, religion was the major segretory factor in signifyingRead MoreEssay on A Comparison of Othello and the Movie O1548 Words   |  7 PagesA Comparison of Othello and the Movie O When Shakespeare composed the tragedy Othello televisions were not. Along with no televisions, life in the late 1500s had many different qualities than it does today. This time period had no war on drugs and no high school shootings. Peer pressure was not an issue. The audiences of Othello in the 1500s did not face the circumstances that we, American high school students, face today. With these significant differences in daily life, come the attemptsRead MoreMedea and Othello1559 Words   |  7 PagesTwo tragedies from two different time period, Medea and Othello show similarities and differences in their characters, story plots and settings. Euripedes’ Medea written in the classical period and Shakespeare’s Othello written in the romantic era, the two tragedies shows different feel of what tragedies are. First of all, the most obvious difference between these two play is how Medea shows unities (time, place and action) whilst Othello has none. It’s clearly shown in the first scene, as soon

Science Is a Threat to Humanity Free Essays

SCIENCE IS A THREAT TO HUMANITY 1ST – OPPOSITION Thank you my dear madam speaker. Assalamualaikum and a very good day to the wise and honourable adjudicators, the alert and punctual time keeper, my fellow teammates, the misleading government team and MOTH. Before i start, i would like to refute the definition given by the government team. We will write a custom essay sample on Science Is a Threat to Humanity or any similar topic only for you Order Now Now, it is my duty to define the key words of today’s motion. According to Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English, science means knowledge about the world, especially based on examination and testing, and on facts that can be proved. Threat means someone or something that is regarded as a possible danger. Lastly, humanity means the state of being human and having qualities and rights that all people have. So, the full definition of today’s motion is knowledge about the world, especially based on examination and testing and on facts that can be proved is a possible danger to qualities and rights of all people. Now, please allow me to rebut the point given by the Prime Minister. He/She claims said that ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ But that is not true because ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ Before i go on with my arguments, i would like to stress that my team mates and i are totally disagree with the motion today that says ‘Science is a threat to Humanity’ and would like to switch this motion to ‘Science is a bless to humanity’ which means knowledge about the world, especially based on examination and testing and on facts that can be proved makes people happy and satisfied in terms of qualities and rights of all people. Now, please allow me to introduce my team mates. I as the first speaker will talk about Science gives major health benefits while my second speaker will further strengthen our team’s stand on this motion by talking about Science helps in improving qualities of life and Science improve communication. Last but not least, my third speaker will rebut all misleading points raised by the government team. MOTH, In today’s world, Science is vital in ensuring we live a healthy life. It has major health benefits because as we have the knowledge about the treatments of certain illness and cures are discovered, many lives can be saved. MOTH, If we support Science, we can get the benefits from it. Our lives will be much better because we will be able to find the cures and preventions to diseases. We need to have the knowledge in medical aspect so that all fatal diseases can be cured and prevented. Not only that, by supporting science, we will be able to create better health and medical facilities. We will be able to use drugs that prevent diseases rather than merely treating symptoms and we will have body monitors that warn of impending trouble. MOTH, Can you bear the pain of suffering from diseases such as cancer and heart attack all your lives just because you oppose to Science? Through science, we can have modern medicine to relieve suffering even for babies. With science also we can detect diseases in early stage even during pregnancies. In genetic screening, for example, we can monitor the development of embryos to get high quality and healthy babies. If there is any disability or defects, it can be treated in early stage. As we know, embryos might have disabilities that would kill them as newborn babies. If properly treated these people may well live to enjoy healthy lives. If we oppose science, we are actually not helping the babies to be better adults in terms of their health. Not only that. Science helps in improving health condition of human beings because of any accidents or tragedy. With science, we are able to help people who are blind to see the lights and all wonderful things on earth and people who cannot walk to be able to walk again. Isn’t it a miracle? Do you think we will be able to do so without the help of science? I don’t think so my dear government team. MOTH, I am sure i have said enough to convince you that science is not a threat but is actually a bless to humanity. The health benefits that we receive from them are so great that we are able to enjoy life to the fullest and no more worries of critical diseases. So MOTH, once again i restate our stand that we totally disagree with the motion today that says â€Å"Science is a threat to humanity’ as it should be ‘Science is a bless to humanity’. With that i beg to differ. Thank you. SCIENCE IS A THREAT TO HUMANITY 2ND- OPPOSITION Thank you madam speaker. Assalamualaikum and a very good morning to the wise and honourable adjudicators, the punctual timekeeper, my fellow teammates, not forgetting the misleading government team and members of the house. As the second speaker, it is my duty to rebut the arguments given by the second minister of the government team. Her/His argument was _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ But i disagree because ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ Then he/she also claimed that ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Then, the Prime Minister claims that ______________________________________________________________________________________________________ Which i don’t agree because ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ MOTH, My first argument is about how science helps in improving the quality of life. As humans, we cannot deny that we need science – the knowledge to make our lives easier. You must remember, without science, you will not know how to get clothes, to build a house or to cook food. The contribution of science can be seen in our everyday lives. Can we think about a life without electricity, cars, telephone, internet, television and thousands of scientific inventions that make our life comfortable? The application of science is indeed a great help in people’s every day routine. For example, people use their refrigerator to keep their food chilled and fresh longer. People use cars, buses and other vehicles the transport themselves from one place to another. They use air conditioners and heaters to help maintain temperature. As we can see, every aspect of life is dependent on science and its application to improve the quality of life. MOTH, We cannot say no to science for all the contributions it brings. With science, we can get latest knowledge and find more discoveries to improve our quality of life. With science also we can get new technology to develop our nation and boost our economy. When our country is developed, only then we can compete with other countries or at least be equal with other countries in terms of social, politics and economy. If we are against science, of course we will be left behind. MOTH, The discoveries in genetically modified food have helped to reduce famine and hunger. In agriculture, the genetics of food are improved to produce bigger fruits which provide more nutrients to all people. This is certainly a great achievement in the field of science where it as able to help the poor countries to fight the problem of hunger among their people. MOTH, Now let’s move on to my second argument that is Science helps to improve communication. Years after years we can see advancement in the communication sector where people on opposite sides of the world are able to stay in touch where before, they would have no possible way to do so, thanks to Science and its application. Today, distance will not be an issue because we can communicate and exchange ideas with people around the world in just a moment. This helps to strengthen the relationship among people. As we all know, the internet keeps us connected. We even can change our ways in solving problems easier and faster through the internet. It also makes our job run fast and more effective. Even entrepreneurs use this medium to do their transactions. The development in many industries right now also is actually because of science and the application of science. There is no barrier to market products and we can compete with other develop countries, thanks again to the miracle of science. MOTH, Do you still remember the 6th Challenge of our Vision 2020? , the challenge of establishing a scientific and progressive society, a society that is innovative and forward looking, one that is not only a consumer of technology but also a contributor to the scientific and technological civilization of the future. Our vision 2020 will not be a reality if we say no to Science. MOTH, How to cite Science Is a Threat to Humanity, Papers

Napster Wars Essays - Metallica, Intellectual Property Law, Napster

Napster Wars Fifth Amendment ?A young Shaun Fanning, attending school in high school in Harwich, Massachusetts had two loves: 1) Sports ( baseball, basketball, and tennis ) and 2) computers. As his curiosity grew for computers, he decided to stop his sport playing, and spend most of his time working with computers. He primarily focused on two aspects of the computer, programming and the Internet. His computer fascination grew into an obsession throughout high school. His freshman year at Northeast University in 1998 was spent trying to enter computer science classes higher than the entry level. Not finding anything challenging about the courses, he decided to start writing a Windows based program in his spare time. He started spending time in IRC chat rooms with experienced programmers who knew the tricks of the trade. Shaun's roommate loved MP3's, but disliked the unreliability of old sites, and having to search endlessly for songs that were usually not even available. With this in mind, and his developing skills as a programmer and his curiosity for the internet, Shaun decided to write the Beta for Napster. He used the idea of all users being connected to one central computer server, yet all having access to each other's music files. He wanted a continually updated list of songs to choose from. He wrote a small version and distributed it to friends and family. The results were all positive. He had fellow programmers detect bugs, and perfect the program. Napster got its' big break, when it was featured as Download.com's featured download. The system would be revolutionary, he thought. A sharp contrast to the traditional search engines, this community would be user powered, based only on what t he users want to share with other users. After the advertisement on Download.com, Napsters' user count sky-rocketed. Shaun was on the right path. How creative! This creativeness would soon turn to turmoil (Fanning p.1).? ?On May 8, 2000, the Recording Industry Association of America sued Napster and its' founders for music piracy(Borland p.1).? It is really a battle of individual rights and ingenuity, as opposed to copyrights. It has quickly moved its' way up to the US Supreme Court and has the media as well as the public hungry for the latest reports. Napster can be downloaded and installed for free on your computer. When setup, Napster serves as an online music community, where you can conduct a search through all of the other users songs that are currently online. ?There are consistently 800,000 people using the Napster service, limited only by their resources?(Fanning). This should give you an idea of the large music variety you have to choose from. The Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) has decided to take it upon themselves to sue Napster and its founder's for promoting the illegal reproduction of copyrighted music, and not giving any royalties to the owners of the songs. ?Napster argues that it is not directly responsible for the distribution of songs, because it doesn't provide the songs for the users to download (Borland p1)?. The users download songs off of each others computers, thus they cannot control copyright matters. They also argued they should have the same leeway as Internet Service Providers (ISP) do, when it comes to copyright issues. ISP's are not held liable for copyright infringements if they do something about it. If they do not do anything about it, then they can be held liable. I have chosen to view this issue in perspective of the Fifth Amendment. In order to better understand what is going to be talked about, I will explain exactly what the Fifth Amendment entitles American citizens to. ?A concern struck people in early America of a strong central government. Too strong. To ease concerns like this, a Bill of Rights was proposed, which gave individuals certain rights, which was understood by the government not to infringe upon. Basically it gave humans some rights that the government could not touch. The Fifth Amendment is part of the Bill of Rights and it holds that individuals cannot be required to give the government information which may be used against them in criminal cases. Subsequent case law has applied the Fifth Amendment in civil cases, too, when there

Military Dolphin Research essays

Military Dolphin Research essays As intelligent and beautiful creatures of the sea, dolphins long ago captured the imaginations of human beings. Ancient artists in Crete (2500 B.C.) painted frescoes on the walls of the Minoan palace at Knossis of dolphins jumping in the blue Mediterranean waters. Today, we see dolphins depicted on T-shirts, jewelry, posters, and tattoos. During the 1950s, the television program Flipper (played by a dolphin named Mitzi) made dolphin intelligence widely known. For many years, Mitzi was also the star of a dolphin show in the Florida Keys in which she did amazing tricks and pulled children around in a little boat. Moreover, dolphins are friendly and seem to like human beings. Areas where people live close to the water are replete with dolphin stories about the helpfulness and protectiveness of dolphins. They are said to kill sharks, for example, and to nudge little kids back toward shore when they go out too deep in the ocean. Perhaps because there is such affection for these an imals, much controversy has arisen over their use by the military in waging war. This essay will argue, however, that military research on dolphins is humane and safe, the animals are not being harmed, and the research is of tremendous benefit both to dolphins and to humans. The Navy Marine Mammal Program began in 1960 when the Navy acquired a Pacific White-sided dolphin and began experimenting to improve torpedo performance. The goal was to see if dolphins had a sophisticated drag-reduction system, but the technology of the day was not equal to the study, so it was not considered successful. By 1964, however, more sophisticated animal research was done to study their senses and capabilities such as sonar and deep diving. In 1965 a dolphin named Tuffy learned to carry tools to workers 200 feet down and to locate and guide lost divers to safety (Wikipedia U. S. Navy marine Mammal Program web site). According to LeVasseur (Whales on the Net &...

7 Editing Pet Peeves

7 Editing Pet Peeves 7 Editing Pet Peeves 7 Editing Pet Peeves By Mark Nichol We all have our editorial idiosyncrasies. Here are seven words, phrases, or other subjects that make me peevish: 1. â€Å"Beg the Question† If you see this phrase in print, it’s likely to mean â€Å"to bring up an obvious question,† as in â€Å"That begs the question of how we are going to balance the budget† or â€Å"to prompt a question in response to something,† as in â€Å"The new evidence begs the question of whether the defendant was guilty after all.† To beg the question, however, originally meant to make a statement that assumes that the proposition in question is true; an example is â€Å"Most scholars discount Smith’s theories because they don’t agree with him.† This original definition, however, is being overwhelmed by the new senses described above. They are so ubiquitous that they are coming to be accepted as valid, but such acceptance dilutes the value of the pure meaning. It’s best not to use the phrase at all. 2. â€Å"I could care less.† Perhaps I care about this too much, because it doesn’t come up often, but more than never is too much. The correct expression is â€Å"I couldn’t care less,† meaning, â€Å"The degree to which I care is the least possible amount.† Some people argue that â€Å"I could care less† is a way of shrugging an issue off by implying that the minimal extent to which one is concerned about it could be diminished even further. My opinion: It’s a mishearing of the correct form, and those who write it the wrong way are writing it the wrong way. 3. Different When I read a sentence like â€Å"Seventeen different languages are spoken by students at the school,† my first thought is, â€Å"As opposed to seventeen identical languages?† In other words, different is redundant to the statement of plurality. Different is the default. 4. Latin Latin abbreviations such as i.e. and e.g. are valid, but they’re often misused or at least punctuated incorrectly (or not at all), and â€Å"for example† and â€Å"that is† serve just as well. The same goes for the Latin for â€Å"and so on†: etc. which, by the way, is redundant not only to the foregoing abbreviations but also to â€Å"such as† and â€Å"et al.† (â€Å"and others†), which, outside of a bibliography, is simply not necessary. And why use ergo when you can write thus? A good proportion of English vocabulary derives from Latin, but I advocate minimizing direct borrowing. 5. Nonprofit I abhor the use of nonprofit as a stand-alone noun, and I find I must append the word organization to that word, converting it into an adjective: â€Å"nonprofit organization.† The same opposition applies to multinationals; I favor â€Å"multinational corporations.† 6. Quality I once worked for a publication whose editor in chief banned the word quality alone when â€Å"high quality† is meant, as in â€Å"This is a quality publication.† It was an oddly specific prohibition from a person who wouldn’t be expected to bother with such specific usage, but I agreed with her then, and I do now; I never use the term in isolation in that context. 7. Scare Quotes Quotation marks used as the written equivalent of wiggled-finger air quotes are usually unnecessary. They’re especially so in conjunction with so-called in fact, they’re redundant in that case: â€Å"So-called notification laws require businesses to notify customers when certain unencrypted customer data is improperly accessed.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Using "a" and "an" Before WordsUsed To vs. Use ToDealing With A Character's Internal Thoughts

Contextual and Theoretical Studies (Information Design - London Essay

Contextual and Theoretical Studies (Information Design - London Underground) - Essay Example This is normally not the case with other forms of art where it is not possible to know what part of the piece was intended for communication and what information it was intended to pass to the viewers. These reasons therefore argue for the case why people may choose a diagram to analyse at the expense of other forms of art (Penrice, 1975). The London underground diagram is used to communicate to ordinary people in the London underground railway system but due to the fact that people have gotten very familiar with it, they tend to ignore it and therefore fail to utilise the information that it provides. It was expected that the diagram would receive a lot of attention from the citizens of the country as well as British art critics due to the fact that the London underground diagram is considered a master piece of art of the twentieth century. Another reason that there should have been more appreciation directed to the diagram is the fact that a lot of artists of the United Kingdom hav e their residences in London as it is considered a centre for art and culture. It is therefore this reason that studying the diagram is important in order to understand how it communicates to the people of London in the city’s underground railway network (Walker, 1979). History of the London underground diagram The LUD idea dates back to 1931 and was brought by an artist named Henry C. Becks but was first rejected on the argument that it was a very revolutionary piece of art. This rejection was however over turned and the diagram was accepted in 1933 at the expense of Stingmore’s map. It is important to note that Beck, the original designer of the diagram, was also responsible for the various subsequent revisions that were carried out on the diagram to reflect the additions of various lines of the London underground railway line system. The reason why Beck chose to use a diagram instead of a map was as a result of a thorough evaluation of the needs of the public in ter ms of the need for clarity of the diagram rather than geographical accuracy. The fact that there were additions of various lines to the underground system made it impossible to maintain a geographically correct diagram and therefore the only option was to ensure that the diagram was clear to the public in the sense that they could see clearly the various lines and the outline of the underground train system (Penrice, 1975). The diagram as a map The diagram has been referred to as a map by various artists as well as ordinary people but it should be noted that this reference has been discredited due to various reasons. Most of the critics have argued that diagrams do not possess some of the unique and communicative features found in maps and therefore cannot be referred to as maps. It is however important to note that a further study by various academicians revealed that there are various common characteristics that are shared between maps and diagrams and therefore it is not wrong to refer to diagrams as maps. The main argument about the differences is due to the specific characteristics of maps as they are used to depict actual pieces of earth although in a much smaller size and on a piece of paper. It is also clear that maps are used to reduce